An analysis of the performance diagnostic methods and procedures in the swimming showed that the special qualification profile of every single swimming technique finds hardly consideration in the complex performance diagnostics. As a rule, the performance diagnostic investigations only concentrate on a swimming technique. From the won knowledge, derivations are then met for the load regulation in the other swimming techniques. The muscular stress, the aerobic-anaerobic performance ability of the swimmers and the biomechanical demands are, however, extremely differently swimming techniques into the single one so that it seems problematic to transfer performance diagnostic results to other swimming techniques from a main swimming technique. It was therefore aim of this study to work out the physiologic and biomechanical differences of the individual swimming techniques and the meaning of a discipline specific performance diagnostics comprehensively and to win new knowledge for the performance diagnostics and load regulation in the swimming. The empirical part of the work bases on a longitudinal section investigation in the swimming with six male and eight female performance swimmers of the SV Halle Club . All test persons went through nine step tests about 5 x 200 m to three measurement times with lactate and heart rate determination in the crawl, back and butterfly in a three-month time period. The swimming velocities for the individual load levels were derived from the 200 best time of the respective swimming technique. The intensity was started with 76% of the best time, after that was increased by four per cent respectively. The last step had to be swum with a maximal velocity. The blood sample was carried out directly after every load level in the first 20 seconds. The swimming velocity is the highest in the crawl technique at the individual anaerobic lactate threshold of Simon and the 4-mmol/l threshold of Mader as well as at 6 and 8 mmol/l of lactate at the lowest in butterfly. At the same velocities, the heart rate is considerably higher than at the back and crawl in the butterfly. If one compares, however, the heart rate at 4 and 6 mmol/l of lactate, then swimming techniques do not show themselves differences between three. The same maximal lactate and heart rate values are reached roughly at all three swimming techniques at a maximal swimming velocity. The strongest increase in the lactate velocity relation is recognizable in the backstroke. Men and women show a comparable image for the sub maximal parameters in the crawl, back and butterfly. Differences have to be seen in the absolute values of the swimming velocity, the maximal lactate concentration and the maximal heart rate. The women reach significantly higher maximal heart rate and the men reach maximal lactate concentration in all three swimming techniques significantly more higher. |