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| The financial resources needed for globally implementing the Aichi Biodiversity Targets have been estimated at US$ 150-440 billion per year (CBD COP11 2012) - of which only a fraction is currently available. Significant efforts have been undertaken in many countries to increase funding for biodiversity conservation. Nonetheless this funding shortage remains immense acute and chronic. However we do not lose biodiversity and ecosystems primarily for lack of conservation funding but also due to poor governance wrong policies perverse incentives and other factors. This begs the question: How should limited conservation resources be used? For directly tackling biodiversity threats for addressing the underlying drivers or rather for strengthening the financial management and fundraising capacity of implementing organisations? As country contexts differ so do the answers. This report synthesizes experiences of German development cooperation working towards improved biodiversity finance in eight countries: Viet Nam Namibia Tanzania Cameroon Madagascar Mauritania Ecuador and Peru. Our findings suggest a shift in perspective in the international biodiversity financing debate: We need to move from a focus on innovative financing mechanisms towards thinking "innovation" more broadly. Financial resource mobilisation needs to go hand in hand with efforts to slow the drivers of conservation costs and to improve effective spending capacity. For this the constraints to financial sustainability of biodiversity conservation need to be better understood at country level. Innovative financing mechanisms can be part of the solution and deliver multiple benefits only if their design is carefully fitted to context. Beyond that landscape approaches to conservation make clear that investing in healthy ecosystems is critical for livelihoods and development. |
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