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| Current air-conditioning systems for railway vehicles predominantly use fluorinated refrigerants which will be phased down in the coming years because of their damaging impact on the climate. Motivated by the need to implement environmentally friendly technologies that will be available for the long term for the air conditioning of passenger trains Liebherr and Deutsche Bahn conducted a comparison of the annual energy consumption and the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of railway heating ventilation and air-conditioning systems (HVAC) using air and R-134a as refrigerants. Systems in operation and advanced systems were both assessed. Measurement data and model calculations obtained from systems in operation formed the basis for evaluation. For the average primary annual energy consumption for cooling the air-cycle systems which use air as refrigerant had savings of 16% and 28% respectively compared to the R-134a systems that were considered. The higher investment costs of air-cycle systems are compensated by lower operating costs particularly lower energy costs and by lower maintenance costs so that air-cycle systems have the advantage in terms of economic efficiency. As a result air-cycle systems are an environmentally friendly economical and reliable solution to the refrigerant issue. |
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